Fan controller problems are one of the most common problems on MK4 Golfs. Unfortunately, the controller is within the fan so whole fan needs to be replaced.
Normal failure mode is no low speed fan when A/C is on with high speed pulsing in and out
As far as I understand it they burn out. If you lose low speed there is a DIY fix to add an external resistor however yours are still running so that's not an option for you.