Does insurance cover ceramic brake damage?

[DarkVeil]

Supposing one of the discs get chipped by a rock kicked up by an HGV, or some other very unlucky accidental event.

[Geneve]

Yes.
In fact they may replace both sides if necessary.
With consumables, some insurers may expect you to contribute to ‘betterment’ - ie if half worn they would pay half the replacement - but most won’t quibble a genuine damage claim.